Friday, August 23, 2013

KARTVELIAN TOPONYMS IN GREECE

The most outstanding is the case of a mountaneous tribe of Sarakatsani in Greek Macedonia. We know that -an is a suffix, so, the root would be 'sarakats'. It's a perfectly Kartvelian toponymic construction 'Sa+arakats' meaning 'land of arakatsi'. In Kartvelian the word 'arakatsi' (არაკაცი) means 'inhuman' and literally 'non-man': 'ara (not) + katsi (man)'. Why the inhabitants of these lands would be called 'non-men', is clearly seen on this photo:
http://en.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/83/Sarakatsani_Western_Macedonia_1935.jpg

The traditional Sarakatsan outfit speaks for itself. Although, there is another, a bit more sparing interpretation, according to which 'arakatsi' is translated from Kartvelian also as 'hobo'. Thus, Sarakatso would be 'land of hobos', which more than fits to the living style of the nomadic tribe of Sarakatsani.

Macedonia itself (pronounced [makedonia]) looks as amazing. Herodotus says its ancient name used to be μακεδνοι [makedni]. The word 'makedni' is utterly Kartvelian (Old Kartvelian). It's the plural form of 'makedi' (მაქედი), which, in its turn, is a derivation from the root 'kedi' (ქედი) - 'neck'. The personificating prefix 'ma-' means 'neck-person', 'necky person', 'long-necked person'. Compare it to the word მაყურებელი [maqurebeli], witness, audience member, which is a derivation from ყური [quri], ear. So, makedni may be interpreted as 'long-necked people'. Compare it to Mathraki in the corresponding entry, meaning 'a big-buttocks person'.

The ancient city of Mycenae incredibly turns into a Kartvelian word too, once we remember that the Greek ypsilon (later Latin Y) used to be pronounced as [u] rather than [i] in Ancient Greek. The word მუკენი [mukeni] means 'a pole'. And now let's have a look at this:
... On the west slope of the hill ancient Mycenaeans chose a place to bury their kings. They lowered them into a deep pit - the grave, which was closed with stone slabs. Above this structure they put the soil and put a stone funeral stele (stone pillar with an inscription). Tombs of the kings of the Mycenaeans were considered a sacred place ... ".
http://www.nachideti.ru/istorija/81-mikenskaja-grecija.html

Whether pillars can be interpreted as poles, is hard to say, but the analogy is obvious.

The mounts of Parnassos are located both in Greece and Anatolia. As we remember from Tartessos entry, the Greek '-essos'-ending fully corresponds to Kartvelian '-eti'-ending. So, Parnassos may be rendered as Parnati (Laz) or Parneti (Kartvelian), which, in its turn, is 'land of parni'. 'Parni' is the plural form of 'pari', which means 'ancestor'. So, the sacred mount of Parnassos in fact is 'land of ancestors'. Now let's look at what we have been knowing about Parnassos so far:
"... Mount Parnassus was considered a center of the earth ...";
"... Zeus decided to destroy the human race ... by sending them a flood ... ... son of Prometheus, Deucalion built a ship ... On the 10th day ... the ship landed on Parnassus ... to revive the human race. .. ";
"... Name of the mountain is of pre-Greek origin ... usually refers to the Anatolian substrate by scientists ...";
"... ... Opponents argue that the place-name ... belongs ... to paleobalkanic toponymic system ...".
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Парнас_(гора)

No doubts, the land of ancestors.

The Greek isle of Samos should be spelled as Sami if looked at from Kartvelian point of view (the town on the isle is called exactly 'Sami'). 'Sami' means 'three' in Kartvelian. While Samos has exactly three harbours - Pitagorio, Karlovassi and Samos Town:
http://www.ricksteves.com/plan/destinations/greece/samos.htm


The isle of Corfu is known in Greece as Kerkyra. The name has no chances to be omitted by kartvelologists for it has both the remarkable root 'kerk' and the remarkable suffix '-ur'. The suffix is the typical Kartvelian suffix of adjectives, while 'kerk' was last seen in the Caucasian toponym of 'Kerketi' (see the corresponding entry). What it means is stil a mystery, but it's clearly Kartvelian.

There are a bunch of cites named Chersonesos: Greece, Crete, Crimea, Ukrainian mainland. Since the -esos-ending now may be interpreted as Kartvelian -eti-ending, Chersonesos becomes 'land of chersoni'. The word 'chersoni' is the plural form of  'cherso' [herso], which is a name of a village in Greece. It's likely to be related to the word 'chersos' meaning 'dry, desert, barren'.

Similarly the toponym of Peloponnesos may be tied to 'Peloponneti' by understanding the meaning of the root 'peloponni'. "Ponni' means 'bridges' in Old Kartvelian (Chubinashvili), while 'pelo' may refer to Ancient Greek 'pelago' meaning 'sea'. As we know, the Peloponnesos peninsula is connected to Greek mainland by the isthmus bridge of Corinth.

The island of Samotraki in Aegean sea has everything to be interprested from Kartvelian point of view. The prefix, whether it's Sa- or Samo-, is clearly Kartvelian. The prefix mo- is the sign of personification. While 'thraki' (თრაკი) in Kartvelian means 'buttocks' and was used to describe Thracians, the people with considerable buttocks (see the corresponding entry). So, Samotraki may be translated as 'land of buttocky people'.

On another side of Greece, in Ionic sea, we find a similar isle of Mathraki, which similarly can be interpreted as 'a big buttocks person' (the personificating prefix can be either 'ma-' or 'mo-').

In the mountains of Ancient Greece, today in Albania, there used to be a tribe of Dassareti. Those familiar with Kartvelian language, would easily see that the name refers rather to a land than to a tribe: "Dassareti' - 'land of dassari'. The word 'Dassari' is likely to be a name.

And finally, the lands of Dorida, Phocida, Locrida etc. have chances to be, in fact, Doreti, Phoketi and Locreti. First, we can come to such a conclusion, looking at the pair Kolchida/Kolcheti, and second, in Georgia there is a village Doreti in Ahalgori municipality.

The toponyms of Ambrakia, Katsuli and Gorgiani have already been addressed in separate entries.

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