Thursday, July 24, 2014

MORE FINDINGS IN KARTVELIAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

If you wonder how come that the root of the word 'tavi' (თავი) meaning 'head' is not reflected in any Indoeuropean languages, here is the case: 'taw' in English means 'marble ball'.

In English 'tag' means 'dangling end of sth' and may associate with mouse's tail. In Kartvelian 'tagvi' (თაგვი) means 'mouse' with 'tag' being the root.

'Temi' (თემი) means 'community', 'commune', 'gathering', 'assembly'. Very close to what 'team' is.

Those who are puzzled with where the Slav adjective ending '-ий' might come from, should remember that in Kartvelian 'ii' (იი) used to mean exactly 'he' ('she', 'it') being a shortened version of 'igi' (იგი).

The word 'koromo' (კორომო) means 'miserable living conditions, penury'. Extremely close to the meaning of Ukrainian/Russian word 'скоромний' meaning 'ferial'.

The word 'kricha' (კრიჭა) is a variation of 'mouth'. Quite likely to lead to emergence of Ukrainian/Russian 'krichati' - 'to yell'.

The combination 'kurka tskhviri' (კურკა ცხვირი) means 'snub nose'. In Ukrainian 'snub nose' is 'курносий', and we have no idea where the 'kur'-root might come from.

The word 'lami' (ლამი) means 'loam'. No comments needed.

The word 'lari' (ლარი) used to mean 'treasure', 'hoard'. Very likely to to be a direct kin to Ukrainian/Russian 'ларь'.

The Kartvelian verb 'leva' (ლევა) among other things means 'bringing/coming to an end'. The English verb 'leave' among other things means 'bringing to some state', 'ending'.

The word 'liti' (ლიტი) used to mean 'stone' in Kartvelian. The word 'lithos' means 'stone' in Greek.

The word 'mavne" (მავნე) means 'evil spirit'. That's the root for Ukrainian evil forest creature 'mavka'.

The word 'maza' (მაზა) meaning 'delicious food' and its kin 'mazalo' (მაზალო) meaning 'beautiful' may bring to light the Kartvelian etymology of Mazaka - the ancient capital of the very Kartvelian land of Cappadokia. Note that the '-ka'-ending coincides with the ending in another famous toponym of 'Lazika'.

At the same time, the word 'mazalo' - 'beautiful' - must bear the same root as the English word 'amazing'.

The word 'mandzili' (მანძილი) which means 'distance', 'way' or 'day's journey', seems to have the same root as the Ukrainian verb 'mandruvati' - 'to travel'.

Finally we may put an end to all the speculations around roots' meaning in words like 'marry', 'marriage', 'marido' or 'mari'. They all come from Kartvelian 'mari' (მარი) - 'bride-price'. And don't forget that 'kmari' - 'husband' - is somewhere around too.

This one is funny. The Kartvelian word 'magzi' (მაღზი) means 'brains'. Compare it to the Russian 'mozgi' (pronounced [mazgi]) in the same meaning. The alternation of consonants, like GZ <--> ZG, is a known phenomenon in Kartvelian.

The verb 'dineba' means 'to flow' or 'constant moving'. It may make us forget the 'official' version of Ukrainian hydronyms 'Dnipro' and 'Dnister' being derivations of Ossetian (Scythian) 'don' - 'water'. As it was mentioned before, the verb 'dnoba' - 'to melt' - may relate to the same root meaning.

Funny to note the word 'melosi' (მელოსი) in the meaning of 'song'. Definitely has something to do with 'melody'.

This one is lengthy, but rewarding. Everyone knows the Greek word 'melas' meaning 'black'. Few (if anyone) have ideas as to its etymology. None (but us) compares this word to the Kartvelian 'melniani' (მელნიანი) - 'inky', 'containing ink'. Now note that while Greeks don't tell anything concrete about 'melas' origin, the Georgians tell openly that their 'melniani' comes from 'mela' (მელა) - 'Indian lilac (Melia azedarach)', the plant used for producing ink. All these gives us right to conclude that the Greek word 'melas' is a derivation of Kartvelian 'mela', not vice versa.

The hugely popular today all over the world Ukrainian word 'maidan', meaning 'square' and reportedly being a Turkish borrowing, also exists in Kartvelian language in form of 'moedani' (მოედანი), where it also is considered a Turkish derivation. It is not so. The adjective 'moedani' clearly contains the 'moed-'-root, the same as in the 'moedeba' (მოედება) verb. This verb means 'spreading over sth'. Since the 'mo-'-prefix means direction of movement, it has a kindred verb 'edeba' which means 'filling some space'. It's not difficult at all to conclude that 'moedani' is exactly that STH or SPACE mentioned in 'moedeba' and 'edeba' definitions. In other words, 'moedani' is the object of 'moedeba' action. And as we saw, 'moedeba' means spreading over some area. A square is exactly area with wonderful possibility to be spread over. So, 'maidan' is a derivation from 'moedani'. Not vice versa.

We remember that Galilea has too many kartvelisms to be ignored as a Kartvelian speaking land. Those who like this idea, should take into account the possible Kartvelian etymology for Naharia. In Georgian 'naghari' (ნაღარი) means 'unploughed strip across ploughed field'. So, Naharia might sinply have meant 'unploughed land'.

Amusingly some Kartvelian dialects contain the word 'reka' (რექა) in absolutely the same meaning it has in Ukrainian/Russian - 'river (muddy one)'. Moreover, in Mtiuleti there is a river with exactly the same name. The version of borrowing from Russian is not accepted. First, the Kartvelian meaning is narrower - 'muddy' or 'with shifting bed'. And second, if it had been borrowed into Kartvelian, it would have been spelled with 'კ', as other Russian borrowings are, not with more specific 'ქ'.

The word 'sasti' (სასტი) means 'horror' in Kartvelian. In Spanish 'fear' is 'susto'.

The word 'svavi' (სვავი), which is 'vulture' has another spelling - 'sovi' (სოვი). It's extremely close to Ukrainian/Russian 'sova' (owl), a bird with a typical vulture-like behaviour.

The word 'sul' (სულ) means 'wholly', 'completely', 'absolutely', and reveals  certain consonant similarity with Ukrainian 'цілий' - 'whole'.

This one is a pure astonishment. If you ever wondered about the etymology of the English word 'worse', you should know that in Kartvelian it is 'warasi' (უარასი). The meaning is the same. No comments needed.

The word 'ugzi' (უგზი) means 'unlit'. While in Ukrainian/Russian we have a proverb 'не видно ані зги'. Total correspondence to the meaning of 'unlit' with already mentioned alternation GZ-ZG taken into account.

Another cool one. There is a word 'udboba' (უდბობა) that once used to mean 'laziness'. The logical derivation 'dboba' is absent in the dictionary, although it must have existed, because 'u-' - is a negative prefix. What did preserve are the kin verbs 'deba' and 'debeba'. All this make us able to read an adverb 'udbad' (უდბად) - 'lazily', 'badly' - in a wonderful way: U-DB-AD. Compare it to the Ukrainian adverb 'недбало' - НЕ-ДБ-АЛО, which means 'carelessly', 'offhandedly'. This is a bullseye. To sum up, the Kartvelian verb 'dboba' has a total equivalent in Ukrainian - 'dbati' ('to care').

The Kartvelian word 'udelani' (უდელანი) means in Pshav dialect 'unploughed land'. Compare it to the Russian 'необделанный', and you will see a direct correspondence of the roots 'del'-'del'. By the way, the same root exists in Basque verb 'delatu' and has approximately similar meaning.

Strangely the word 'uzusi' (უზუსი) interprets in the Kartvelian dictionary as 'usage'…

We already gave you the possible etymology of the word 'ukiane' (უქიანე), which must be considered the source for Greek 'okean', not vice versa. Today we add another version, more simple one. Since the word 'uqi' (უყი) used to mean 'soil' and 'depth' among other things, its derivation 'uqiani' (უყიანი) translated as 'muddy' must have had something to do with the second root's meaning - 'depth'. In this case 'uqiani' simply means 'deep'.

The saying 'phlani da phstani' (ფლანი და ფსტანი) means exactly the same as 'fulano y mengano' in Spanish: 'whattheirnames'. No binoculars are needed to see the 'phlani' - 'fulano' correspondence. Who borrowed from whom? The Spaniards claim they borrowed it from Arabs. But the point is that the Kartvelian 'phlani' and 'phstani' have clear meanings: 'phlani' comes from 'phlva' (ფლვა) ancient verb that used to mean 'to bury', while 'phstani' comes from 'phsta' (ფსტა) - 'pistachio'. Thus, 'phlani and phstani' are 'grave digger and pistachio picker' in Kartvelian. Do they have such clear meanings in Arabian?

The word 'phoso' (ფოსო) means 'little hollow, niche; shallow pit' in Kartvelian. In Spanish 'fosa' means 'grave'.

Do you remember our version of the Arabian word 'Sakaliba' with which they called the Slav country or Slav people? We assumed it was 'sakalebo' (საქალებო) which perfectly translates from Georgian as 'land of women'. We further assumed it might have meant 'land of beautiful women' or 'land of Amazones'. It all still may be true, but the truth also may be even simpler, since in Kartvelian language we used to have the word 'kaleba' (ქალება) - 'effeminate man'. Thus, the 'Sakalebo' translation is much simpler - 'land of effeminate men'. It wonderfully corresponds to Herodotus' desciption of Agathursi tribe which, according to him, was 'the most coddled tribe and which 'wore golden decorations'. The Agathursi inhabited exactly the land of what we know today as Slav people - up the Dnister river.

This one is rather funny than serious. Although, who can be sure?… The Japanese people have no idea what the name of their sacred Fuji- mountain might mean. First, 'Fuji' is pronounced [fudzi] by the Japanese. Second, 'fudze' (ფუძე) in Kartvelian means 'home'…

The word 'kutsi' (ქუცი) means exactly the same that the Ukrainian 'куций' does - 'dog with bold patches'.

The word 'qantili' (ყანდილი) -  'candle kept alight in memory of the dead' - looks almost like 'candle' or 'candela'.

Those who wonder why the small scales are called 'кантор', should know that in Kartvelian 'qantari' (ყანთარი ) means 'hand-held scales'.

Also 'qandi' (ყანდი) mysteriously means 'candy'. The possibility of the word being borrowed into Kartvelian from, say, English stumbles upon the very specific 'ყ' letter. If it had been English --> Kartvelian direction, the word would definitely have been spelled 'კანდი'.

The Ukrainian/Russian word 'караул' is repeated in Kartvelian as 'qarauli' (ყარაული) (again, through the specific 'ყ' letter). What might be a proof of the word being borrowed from Kartvelian, is another Kartvelian word 'qaraula' (ყარაულა) meaning 'bittern', a bird well-known for the ability to stand without moving for a long time. Exactly like a soldier in qaraul…

In ancient times Kartvelians used the word 'shana' (შანა) in the meaning of 'sign of trust'. This is pure Ukrainian word 'шана' that means 'respect'.

The word 'harji' (ხარჯი) in Kartvelian means 'food supplies'. It's no problem to see that it is exactly the Russian 'харчи'.

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