Sunday, September 1, 2013

KARTVELIAN ROOTS IN GREEK WORDS

Even the Kartveians themselves (Chubinashvili, in particular) seem to have always been persuaded that the Greek language was the source for borrowings into the Kartvelian language.

It can't be true because the Greek language is Indoeuropean, while the Kartvelian language is pre-Indoeuropean. But we'll try to be more specific and will prove that in fact it's the Kartvelian language that was the source for the Greek.

In Megrelian gea means land, while in Greek land is ge. Besides, the etymology refers ge to the name of Gaia goddess, which is pronounced exactly [gea]. So, what was the first?

Similarly demiurge is referred to demos for unclear reasons, while in Megrelian dem means simply big.

Another very interesting pair is ὠχρός (okhros) and ოქრო (okro). In Kartvelian okro means gold, and it's considered to be a borrowing from the Greek okhros meaning 'pale yellow'. But since the Greek language has its own word for gold χρυσός" (khrisos), which has the same root as okhros χρ - then what was the point for the Kartvelians to borrow their gold from Greek yellow if they could borrow it directly from Greek gold?

The answer would be as follows:

Greek gold (khrisos) is a derivation of the Greek yellow (okhros). That means that the Greek gold (okhros) is a derivation of the Kartvelian (okro), and not vice versa! First, we had the Kartvelian gold, from which the Greeks derived their word meaning yellow, and from that Greek yellow they later derived their Greek gold.

An etymological dictionary has a very eloquent article on the meaning of Greek καλός (beautiful):

Uncertain. While it has been compared with Sanskrit कल्य (kalya), this does not seem a satisfactory explanation for the term and all of its variations/descendants.
http://zikkir.net/words/Καλός#Etymology


So, they have no idea as to its origin.

...Meanwhile just one thousand miles away there has been lying for thousands of years a country of Georgia, where the word kali has been meaning woman for all that time...

The Greek word κεφαλή [kep(h)ali] means 'head'. The origin is unknown. But in Kartvelian language we have a word კეფა [kep(h)a] meaning occiput (not all the head, but only a part of it). 

What does -λή mean in Greek? It's the ending of adjectives that may be nouns as well:
-λος, -λη, -λον - adjectives used as nouns

Thus, kep(h)ali is an adjective. What noun does it come from? Sure, from kep(h)a. Do we have such a noun in Greek language? No, we don't. Do we have such a noun in Kartvelian language? Yes, we do. Does it have relation to head? Yes, it does.

The key word that most clearly proves that the direction of borrowing was Kartvelian --> Greek, and not vice versa, is the word αμαρτία [amartia].

In the Ancient Greek dictionary we find its meaning as fault, error (in Modern Greek it means sin, which is still error). But we know that in Greek language the a-prefix has negative meaning. So, if we want to obtain the meaning of precise, faultless, infallible, we should throw the a-prefix away to be left with mart-root, shouldn't we?

But the point is that it's exactly the Kartvelian language where the root mart- means righteousness and precision, and is the part of the abstract construction meaning truth: simartle.

Do the Greeks have a word with the mart-root meaning truth and infallibility? No, they don't. Moreover, to make 'infallible' out of 'sin', they don't take the negative prefix off, but instead ADD another negative an-prefix: αναμάρτητο. So, the case clearly shows that the Greeks don't see the root mart in this word. They consider amart to be the root.

What does it mean? It means that the root mart was borrowed by the Greeks from the Kartvelians, and only in combination with the negative prefix (the Kartvelians don't have the negative a-prefix, but they do have the negative u-prefix, which could easily be transformed into a-).

To deepen the topic, let's pay attention to a similar example. It's the word άπατη [apati] meaning 'deceipt'. Again, we see the negative a-prefix, and again a root - pat - that doesn't have a meaning opposite to 'deceipt' in Greek language, but does have it in Kartvelian language: 'pativi' (პატივი) meaning 'honour', 'respect' ('-iv' is a suffix here). And again, we find in Kartvelian language this pat-root with the negative u-prefix that could have transformed into a- in Greek language: 'upativoeba' (უპატივოება) meaning 'dishonour', which is close to 'deceipt'.

Do you know that the Greek word έρημος (desert) used to mean 'lonely' in Ancient Greek? Do you see the correspondence of erimos to Kartvelian erti meaning one?

The Greek word ἔθνος [et(h)nos] means nation or social group. Since we remeber about the correspondence of Greek -os to Kartvelian -i (both are nominative case endings), we can spell the word as etni (ἔθνη). Especially since we meet it exactly in this form in the Bible where it is translated as Gentiles (non-jews, pagans):
http://biblesuite.com/greek/ethne_.htm

The Kartvelian word etni is the Old Kartvelian plural form of the word eti.

And now the only thing we lack is to recall the Kartvelian trademark toponymic suffix -eti used to denote countries: Kakheti, Imereti, Svaneti, etc. So, this gives us a right to claim that etni may be translated as nations. So, the word is not Greek, it's Kartvelian.

In Ancient Greek γάμος [gamos] is 'marriage', 'wedding'. The etymology is unclear. But in Kartvelian ღამე [game] is night, which all the nations always associated with marriage.

In Sparta there used to be a cast of people called μόθακες [motakes]. Those were bastards of not purely Spartan origin:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothax

The Kartvelian language has not only the personificating mo-prefix, but also a very intereting tak-root, that can be met in such words as თაკილი (takili, meaning delicacy, reprehensibility), მოთაკილე (motakile, meaning - swaggering, delicate), სათაკილო (satakilo, meaning reprehensible, delicate, and in some contexts, shameful).

In Greek language the word is not considered as having prefix and root and is for unclear reasons translated as 'sworn brother'. But we see that in Kartvelian the root has the meaning very close to what the word meant in Greek.

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